How to Connect 4x4 Keyboard (AVR ASM)

CODE

;**** A P P L I C A T I O N N O T E A V R 2 4 0 ************************
;*
;* Title: 4x4 keypad, wake-up on keypress
;* Version: 1.2
;* Last Updated: 2004.11.11
;* Target: All AVR Devices
;*
;* Support E-mail: avr@atmel.com
;*
;* DESCRIPTION
;* This Application note scans a 4 x 4 keypad and uses sleep mode
;* causing the AVR to wake up on keypress. The design uses a minimum of
;* external components. Included is a test program that wakes up the AVR
;* and performs a scan when a key is pressed and flashes one of two LEDs
;* the number of the key pressed. The external interrupt line is used for
;* wake-up. The example runs on the AT90S1200 but can be any AVR with suitable
;* changes in vectors, EEPROM and stack pointer. The timing assumes a 4 MHz clock.
;* A look up table is used in EEPROM to enable the same structure to be used
;* with more advanced programs e.g ASCII output to displays.
;***************************************************************************

;***** Register used by all programs
;******Global variable used by all routines

.def temp =r16;general scratch space

;Port B pins

.equ ROW1 =3;keypad input rows
.equ ROW2 =2
.equ ROW3 =1
.equ ROW4 =0
.equ COL1 =7;keypad output columns
.equ COL2 =6
.equ COL3 =5
.equ COL4 =4

;Port D pins

.equ GREEN =0;green LED
.equ RED =1;red LED
.equ INTR =2;interrupt input

.include "1200def.inc"

;***** Registers used by interrupt service routine

.def key =r17;key pointer for EEPROM
.def status =r21;preserve sreg here

;***** Registers used by delay subroutine
;***** as local variables

.def fine =r18;loop delay counters
.def medium =r19
.def coarse =r20

;*****Look up table for key conversion******************************
.eseg ;EEPROM segment
.org 0

.db 1,2,3,15,4,5,6,14,7,8,9,13,10,0,11,12
;****Source code***************************************************
.cseg ;CODE segment
.org 0
rjmp reset ;Reset handler
rjmp scan ;interrupt service routine
reti ;unused timer interrupt
reti ;unused analogue interrupt

;*** Reset handler **************************************************
reset:

ldi temp,0xFB ;initialise port D as O/I
out DDRD,temp ;all OUT except PD2 ext.int.
ldi temp,0x30 ;turn on sleep mode and power
out MCUCR,temp ;down plus interrupt on low level.
ldi temp,0x40 ;enable external interrupts
out GIMSK,temp
sbi ACSR,ACD ;shut down comparator to save power
main: cli ;disable global interrupts
ldi temp,0xF0 ;initialise port B as I/O
out DDRB,temp ; 4 OUT 4 IN
ldi temp,0x0F ;key columns all low and
out PORTB,temp ;active pull ups on rows enabled
ldi temp,0x07 ;enable pull up on PD2 and
out PORTD,temp ;turn off LEDs
sei ;enable global interrupts ready
sleep ;fall asleep
rcall flash ;flash LEDs for example usage
ldi temp,0x40
out GIMSK,temp ;enable external interrupt
rjmp main ;go back to sleep after keyscan

;****Interrupt service routine***************************************
scan:
in status,SREG ;preserve status register
sbis PINB,ROW1 ;find row of keypress
ldi key,0 ;and set ROW pointer
sbis PINB,ROW2
ldi key,4
sbis PINB,ROW3
ldi key,8
sbis PINB,ROW4
ldi key,12
ldi temp,0x0F ;change port B I/O to
out DDRB,temp ;find column press
ldi temp,0xF0 ;enable pull ups and
out PORTB,temp ;write 0s to rows
rcall settle ;allow time for port to settle
sbis PINB,COL1 ;find column of keypress
ldi temp,0 ;and set COL pointer
sbis PINB,COL2
ldi temp,1
sbis PINB,COL3
ldi temp,2
sbis PINB,COL4
ldi temp,3
add key,temp ;merge ROW and COL for pointer
ldi temp,0xF0 ;reinitialise port B as I/O
out DDRB,temp ; 4 OUT 4 IN
ldi temp,0x0F ;key columns all low and
out PORTB,temp ;active pull ups on rows enabled
out SREG,status ;restore status register

ldi temp,0x00
out GIMSK,temp ;disable external interrupt
;have to do this, because we're
;using a level-triggered interrupt

reti ;go back to main for example program

;***Example test program to flash LEDs using key press data************

flash: out EEAR,key ;address EEPROM
sbi EECR,EERE ;strobe EEPROM
in temp,EEDR ;set number of flashes
tst temp ;is it zero?
breq zero ;do RED LED
green_flash:
cbi PORTD,GREEN;flash green LED 'temp' times
rcall delay
sbi PORTD,GREEN
rcall delay
dec temp
brne green_flash
exit: ret
zero: ldi temp,10
flash_again: cbi PORTD,RED;flash red LED ten times
rcall delay
sbi PORTD,RED
rcall delay
dec temp
brne flash_again
rjmp exit

;****Time Delay Subroutine for LED flash*********************************
delay:
ldi coarse,8 ;triple nested FOR loop
cagain: ldi medium,255 ;giving about 1/2 second
magain: ldi fine,255;delay on 4 MHz clock
fagain: dec fine
brne fagain
dec medium
brne magain
dec coarse
brne cagain
ret

;***Settling time delay for port to stabilise******************************
settle:
ldi temp,255
tagain: dec temp
brne tagain
ret